Improveme nt in furnaces



PATENTD FEB'.v 8, 1870.

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JOSEPH B. EOYT, or sTAMFoED, oo'NtuioTicUT Y IMPROVEMENT i N FURNAOES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 99,570, dated February 8;' 187i).

To-all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH B. HOYT, of

' Stamford, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Furnaces for Burning Bituininous Goal, Snc.; and I do hereby declare the following to be a correct description of the same.

In the consumption of bitiimiuous coal and similar substances, owing to the imperfect combustion ofthe gases, there is a great waste of fuel and much annoyance from the accoinpan ying smoke. The chief causes that produce this Waste and annoyance are the irregular supply of fuel, which, is generally fed at long intervals and in large quantities, thus setting free at once large volumes of carbona- `ceous gases, and the sudden lreduction of the temperature in the furnace below the point at which the combustionof the gases is possible',

and, still further, the attemptto utilize the heat before the process of combustion is com My invention relates to the -re-bed, and to the combination of devices, as hereinafter set fo'rtli, whereby the fuel can be Asupplied gradul allya-nd uniformly distributed over the grate,

and the gases are so confined and commingled with the requisite 4proportiouof atmospheric air, in the presence of a high degree of tem-- v perature,"that a very perfect combustion is secured, so as to eii'ect a saving in fuel and avoid smoke.

In the drawing, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional of my improved furnace, and Fig. 2

is a crosssection of the same.

The furnace is made with an ash-pit, a, firebed b c, and fire'chamber d, beneath the arch e and between the wallsf.

The ashpit is closed by a door, g, and any desired charaoiier of blast or air-supplying I apparatus may beused to regulate the inlet of air to said ash-pit.

The .rebed is* formed of ranges of grate bars, the bars 'c o being set ataniucliuation along the sides, and thebars b occupying the middle of the fire-bed. The object of the inclined sides to the fire-bed is to facilitate thenniform spreading of the fuel upon the'bars y andthe moving of any clinker down to the to an opening provided in said bed for delivering suchyclinker into the aslipit. For this purpose ainovable section may be provided iii the bars b. l

The inclined-bars c o have their openings running up and down the incline'toward the` center of the iirebed, and in the level cen tra-l portion of the lirebed the openings in the bars run lengthwise, to allow' ofthe introduction of a poker.

The fuel is fed through one or more chutes,

h, over which are hoppers k, for containing.

the coal, and the fuel is 'forced into the furnace by a poker or other instrument passed into the chute and carrying withjt thejcoal, so as to spread it upon the fire as it burns upon the bed b o c. I prefer that the ends h be made flaring, so that the poker can bemoved freely in spreading the charge..

Several lof these chargingchutes may be placed around the furnace or lire-chamber d, so that the fuel will be supplied gradually and successively by the attendant.

The furnace is made with a hollow bridgewall, Z, having a number of perforations, through which air is allowed to pass. y I'supply a liot-blasththrugh these holes by making an Opening, on from the space m into the hollow bridge-wall l. (See dotted lines, Fig. 2.) v ,i

The. space m connects with the air-space over the arch e, and into this space air is admitted by openin gs or a register at any suitable space. I haye shown a register at 3,`Fig. 2, and by dotted lines in Fig. 1. l 1

'I also admit numerous small currents of ir into thefire-chamber. I' have shown the tubes it' coming in through the side walls, and fitted Awith registers or regulating-slides. A hotblast, however, might be admitted through these tubes from the air-spaces m.

There is a combustioncliainber, o, beyond and above the bridge-wall l, and the heatedgases are shown as passing through a perforated walhp, formed of tire-bricks laidup with spaces between the ends of the bricks.- The heat passes oi' below a boiler, g, with a'returnflue, 1', or-is employed for any other useful purpose.

Itis uowto be understood that after theV i lire has been kindled the fuelis fed in pro-.i

gressively, so as notte cause the evolution of large quantities of carbonaeeous gases suddenly andthe 'checking of the fire.

The attendant, in feeding the fire, passes from one opening to the next, at short intervals of time, and in pushing in the fresh coal the lire is loosened andthe coke broken up and forced toward the middle ofthe re, where the combustion is always clear and perfect, and the coal thus supplied-becomes gradually heated, so as to evolve gas in a'comparatively f uniform how, and the entire opera-tion is rendered very uniform, because'the carbonaceous matters evolved are in proportion to the atm-osph eric oxygen supplied for producing a perfeet combustion. The combustion progressing regularly, there is a high degree of heat maintained in the iirechamber d and combustion-chamber o hence any'gases and carbonaceous vapors thrown off by the coal are detained and consumed by the heat and atmosphere admitted at the openings t and through the hollow bridgewall l; hence, as each particle of carbon is retained under circumstances where it. can combine freely with its equivalent of oxygen, there is no opportunity for the escape of unconsumed carbon, the entire product of the coal is utilized, smoke is avoided, andthe gases, passing ott at a high temperature, are more effective for heating purposes than heretofore'.

A door may be provided at w to give access to the nre-chamber for repairs er other operations, and eye-hcles may be made in convenientlo'eation, to enable the attendant to Watch the operations, the intention being to keep the interior of there-chambers in a highly-heated condition,v so as to burn the gases perfectly.

The linings Iof the irechamber d, combustiouchamber o, and other parts that are eX- posed to great heat should be made of firebrick or other non-conducting substance or material suitable to withstanding such heat.

I claim as my invention- 1. The inclined grate-bars c c, havingfnpenings ruiming up .and down such incline, in combinationv with the grate-bars b, having longitudinal openings, as and for the purposes set forth. l

2. The inclined grate-bars e c, in combina` tion with the chlutes h and hoppers k, substantially as. and for the purposes set forth.

3. The chutes h and hoppers 7i', for effecting a 'gradual supply of fuel upon the tire-bed, in combination with air-inlets i 7l, `adj acent to the fuel, as applied, for the purposes specified.

4. rlhe perforated bridge-wall l` and coinbustion-chamber o, in combination with the recham'ber d and means, substantiallyv as specified, for feeding the fuel gradually to the fire.

Dated this 10th day of November, A111869.

. JOS. TB.T HOYT.

Witnesses 

